Drug-induced phototoxic reaction in Adult
Alerts and Notices
Synopsis
Drug-induced phototoxicity results in a rash similar to sunburn. The rash is thought to result from a systemic drug (circulating in superficial dermal blood vessels) absorbing ultraviolet light (UVL) and releasing free radicals and reactive oxygen species, which damage or "burn" the skin in only those areas exposed to the UV source. All drugs that cause such a reaction absorb UV and/or visible radiation. The effects are dependent on both the dose of the drug and the amount of UVL that the person is exposed to.
In general, patients with a phototoxic drug eruption complain of burning.
Three types of clinical reactions can occur:
- Immediate / Mild – Immediate onset of erythema occurring approximately 30 minutes after UVL exposure. This reaction is associated with burning and pruritus but minimal edema. It usually lasts for 1-2 days after stopping UVL exposure.
- Immediate / Wheals – Immediate onset of transient wheals associated with burning. This reaction can occur with room light (non-UVL) and resolves rapidly after light exposure is stopped.
- Delayed / Severe – Onset is 8-24 hours after UVL exposure. This reaction is associated with dark erythema, edema, and hyperpigmentation. Blistering may occur with severe reactions. It usually lasts 2-4 days after UVL exposure is stopped, but in some instances, it may persist for months.
Related topic: Drug-induced photosensitive reaction
Codes
ICD10CM:L56.0 – Drug phototoxic response
SNOMEDCT:
83627000 – Phototoxic drug reaction
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Diagnostic Pearls
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Differential Diagnosis & Pitfalls
- Sunburn
- Photoallergic reaction
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Dermatomyositis
- Porphyria cutanea tarda
- Pseudoporphyria
- Airborne contact dermatitis
- Phytophotodermatitis
- Widespread contact dermatitis (see allergic, irritant)
- Lichen planus (if lichenoid papules are present)
- Atopic dermatitis
- Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus
- Pemphigus foliaceus
- Pellagra
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Therapy
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Drug Reaction Data
Below is a list of drugs with literature evidence indicating an adverse association with this diagnosis. The list is continually updated through ongoing research and new medication approvals. Click on Citations to sort by number of citations or click on Medication to sort the medications alphabetically.Subscription Required
References
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Last Reviewed:03/27/2018
Last Updated:04/19/2018
Last Updated:04/19/2018
Drug-induced phototoxic reaction in Adult