Duodenal atresia is an intrauterine defect of bowel formation characterized by failed recanalization of the duodenum. It occurs in approximately 0.9 infants per 10 000 births and is more common in males. There is an association with trisomy 21 and other chromosomal abnormalities. Other anatomic abnormalities of the intestines, particularly malrotation, are associated with duodenal atresia.

Duodenal atresia develops in utero during the first trimester but is not always diagnosed on prenatal screening. Newborns will present with abdominal distension, feeding intolerance, bilious emesis, lethargy, and dehydration.