Neutrophilic sebaceous adenitis is an exceedingly rarely reported dermatosis that was first recognized in 1993. The etiology and pathogenesis are unknown, but various triggers have been associated with its onset. These include antibiotics, a preceding febrile illness, sun exposure, fiberglass exposure, and Demodex brevis mite exposure. Heat, rather than sun exposure, has also been postulated as a cause.

All reported cases have occurred in the third or fourth decade of life. More males with the diagnosis have been reported than females. The face is the area affected most commonly. Involvement of the chest, back, and upper extremities has also been reported. Lesions may evolve over a period of days to months and are usually asymptomatic, although pruritus may be present.

Genital neutrophilic sebaceous adenitis, also known as vulvar sebaceous adenitis, has been described in premenopausal women. This presentation is clinically distinct from neutrophilic sebaceous adenitis on the upper body. The genital disorder is painful and appears as yellow-orange papules varying in severity with stage of the menstrual cycle and responding to hormonal therapy.