Oculoglandular syndrome of Parinaud (OSP) is a unilateral conjunctivitis that presents with ipsilateral, preauricular, and submandibular lymphadenopathy. Conjunctival granulomas and fever also typically occur with this syndrome. It is primarily bacterial in etiology. The most common bacterial cause is Bartonella henselae (cat-scratch disease), contracted from exposure to cats and their fleas. Transmission does not require a scratch but can occur with a cat lick or bite or simply contact with a cat's fleas.

The next 2 most common causative organisms are Francisella tularensis (tularemia) and Sporothrix schenickii (sporotrichosis). Less commonly implicated organisms include Mycobacterium tuberculosis and leprae, Coccidioides immitis, Treponema pallidum, Haemophilus ducreyi, Pasteurella multocida, Yersinia species, Listeria monocytogenes, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Rickettsia conorii, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Burkholderia mallei. Viral causes include herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and mumps.

Symptoms typically begin with conjunctivitis approximately 3 days to 3 weeks after inoculation and can include mucous discharge with mild periorbital edema or pain or decreased vision. Lymphadenopathy may occur simultaneously or 1-2 weeks after conjunctivitis. Low-grade fevers and lymph node tenderness may also be present. The lymphadenopathy may become suppurative in approximately 10%-40% of cases.

OSP can rarely progress to severe disseminated infection requiring hospitalization.