Vulvar hematomas are collections of blood trapped in the vulvar tissue. Because this body location can become greatly distended, a significant volume of blood can collect, causing systemic symptoms related to the blood loss and extreme pain.

The condition arises when the underlying vascular network is disrupted by trauma of some type. It often occurs following a vaginal delivery or repair of a tear from the birthing process but can also be related to blunt force injury (saddle injuries), surgical disruption of the tissue, or injections into the tissue. Sexual abuse can also lead to this type of injury.

Hematomas can be found at any age, though they are more common in children / young adults (from trauma) and patients of reproductive age (following delivery). They are most commonly seen within the first 24 hours of a delivery.

Patients will present with complaints of an abrupt onset of swelling and pain on one side of the vulva. Pain is often extreme.