Synopsis

 

• Infantile beriberi – Secondary to thiamine-deficient mothers exclusively breastfeeding or absence of thiamine in formula.
• Adult beriberi, dry – Characterized by symmetrical distal extremity peripheral neuropathy.
• Adult beriberi, wet – Characterized by dilated cardiomyopathy and peripheral edema.
• Shoshin beriberi – Fulminant wet beriberi characterized by cardiogenic shock, lactic acidosis, and multiple organ failure.
• Alcohol amnestic disorder – Wernicke encephalopathy is a triad of nystagmus, ophthalmoplegia, and ataxia with associated confusion. It is often found in people with alcohol use disorder who have chronic thiamine deficiency.
• Leigh syndrome – A mitochondrial disorder of progressive subacute necrotizing encephalomyopathy of infancy associated with thiamine deficiency.
• Tropical ataxic neuropathy – Condition endemic to Nigeria that is characterized by polyneuropathy, gait ataxia, bilateral optic atrophy, and deafness.